Cuba Research Paper Example

Cuba Paper Cuba is loaded with rich history, culture, one of a kind religions, ethnic mixes, and government policies.They have a Government so notable for its cunning, misleading, falsehoods, and backstabbing.They additionally are turning into another vacationer hotspot. individuals have been rushing there since 1992, when the travel industry from the United States was allowed.The pioneer of Cuba is the multi year old Fidel Castro who has transformed Cuba into a Communist society. Most socialist states fall not long after their beginning.Cuba, in any case, has endure exchange and visitor sanctions and the fall of its biggest guide, the Soviet Union.It has been a long time since the start of socialist Cuba and the socialist lifestyle despite everything thrives there.To start with Cuba, Along with this is a verifiable outline clarifying the end its colonization to the start of the Castro administering time (Encarta 2000). In Cuba the individuals dress especially like Americans, while there are a few contrasts. The men wear shoes that American teenagers would call Dress Shoes(Yahoo, 2004), while young ladies wear shoes that are dressy however more easygoing (Yahoo, 2004).Morals and morals were totally controlled by the family code, which was passed down. No kid was ever viewed as ill-conceived, if a mother has an unsanctioned romance and the dad isn't the spouse, the husband is as yet the dad. Men are the generally predominant they hold the majority of the occupations, they are leaders of the family unit (Encarta).On 20 dollars per month most families battle to make it. Since 1991 a unique 5-year plan was made to help get however the occasions with out the Soviet Union, or the United States.A vacationers could without much of a stretch go through 100 dollars per day in the event that they just eat chicken and rice, rest in a vehicle one night, in a vehicle, and just bring back a couple souvenirs.People all over Cuba attempt to exploit the sightseers by selling them stogies, offering save rooms in their homes, in any event, offering sexual favors to affluent tourists.Tourists are t

Easyjet Plc Financial Report Analysis (Report) Essay

Easyjet Plc Financial Report Analysis (Report) - Essay Example As the leader of the association, her term has encountered colossal development and extension of administrations. Under the CEO is a group of ten executives, accused of the duty of guaranteeing the coherence just as the exhibition of the organization considering its objectives in the corporate scene. For sure, the great execution of the gathering focuses to the great joint effort, just as the association structure, which encourages simple assignment of obligations, comprehension and responsibility in the top administration. The organization has severe lawful limits that spread the tasks of the business and manages how the organization manages its condition. Organization law plots the arrangements under which the organization works, and specifically, the organization is obliged to reveal its budget reports as per the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and has a commitment to introduce the genuine status of the organization at the given time. Further, the Company Act of 2006 subtleties the jobs of the executives, just as the lawful necessities that are set up relating how the organization presents its budgetary archives. Present day Airlines organizations work under severe administrative measures and Easyjet PLC that guarantees effectiveness in conveyance of administrations just as decreasing unstructured procedures that have kept on preventing the full advancement of current air terminals. In fact, the organization keeps on pushing for legitimate changes that will present more spaces in the treatment of air terminal ground tasks, a move that will expand rivalry and increment proficiency. The organization keeps on working under the European Union administrative rules, and the ensuing improvement in the foundation in the locale has profited EasyJet PLC’s tasks. Contemporary associations flourish or fall flat relying upon the capacities of its supervisory group to control the association in the

Congrats Jenn Lai 11, Rhodes Scholar

Congrats Jenn Lai ‘11, Rhodes Scholar Today, the Rhodes Trust announced the 32 Americans who have won the 2010 Rhodes Scholarships. The Rhodes Scholarship, described as the oldest and best known award for international study, includes among its winners political figures like Bill Clinton, George Stephanopoulos and David Souter; scientists like Edwin Hubble, Robert J. van de Graaff and Brian Greene; journalists like Nicholas Kristof, Michael Kinsley and Walter Isaacson; and MIT Admissions bloggers like Melis 08. This year, MIT senior Jennifer Lai 11 has won the Rhodes Scholarship. This brings MITs count to 44 Rhodes Scholars, and 7 in the last four years. Below, find Jenns official biography from rhodesscholar.org (links mine): Jennifer I. Lai, Honolulu, Hawaii, is a senior at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she majors in biological engineering, music and theater arts. A pianist at the same professional performance level as students at the finest conservatories, she has a perfect record at MIT in advanced courses across mathematics, physics and engineering. She has done research in the molecular basis of glioblastoma and in the use of engineering tools towards the development of protein therapeutics. Jenn also is active in her sorority and with a support organization for HIV-positive individuals. She plans to do the M.Sc. in integrated immunology at Oxford. Two stories to share about Jenn: 1. She is a really good pianist. In 2009, she played Gershwins Rhapsody in Blue at Bostons Symphony Hall with the Boston Pops. (For most people, that would be the accomplishment of a lifetime Jenn has already topped herself, I guess!) I was so excited when I heard that Jenn was going to play this piece (possibly my favorite piece) with the Pops that I did a lot of legwork to try to get the performance videotaped, so we could show the video to people like you on occasions like this Sadly, after weeks of efforts, this was the reply I received on May 31, 2009: the musicians union rejected our request to tape Jennifer Lais portion of the concert So sad. The best I can do is a photo from the concert: 2. Did you know Jenn Lai used to be Jen Lai, before MIT? Its true! Heres what she wrote on a blog entry I wrote almost 4 years ago: a while back, i was disappointed to find out that [emailprotected] was taken cause pretty much everyone knows me as jen lai (jen lai also happens to be a noodle place at fanueil (sp?) hall numerous friends who visited boston sent me emails: omg, theres this place called jen lai! with attached photo of the sign. when i visited boston myself, i just had to go take a picture under it.) so i guess ill be going with [emailprotected] i hope the other jen lai at MIT wont mistakenly get my email next year. also, i guess ill have to start spelling jen with two ns. Posted by: jen(n) 11 on May 9, 2007 11:56 PM Heres what Jen Lai (the restaurant) looks like: Congratulations Jenn!

Money does not Bring Happiness - 938 Words

Do you know someone rich and famous? Is he confident, popular, and joyful all of the time—the epitome of mainstream success? Or, on the other hand, is he stressed, having second thoughts about his life choices, and unsure about the meaning of his life? I am willing to be that it is the second one. Mainstream marketing and media have effectively brainwashed our society into accepting a false, even potentially dangerous definition of success. Marketers want us to believe that having lots of money, living in a big house, and owning all of the latest cars, fashions, and technology is the key to happiness, and hence, success. This overstated, falsely advertised myth is hardly ever the case in real life. True success requires respect, appreciation, integrity, and patience—all of which are traits that by human nature are genuinely difficult to attain—especially in the face of modern marketers who relentlessly deceive us, control our thoughts, and usurp our independence in order to increase their bottom line. Marketers want us to believe that living a selfish life, involving nothing but the pursuit of money and fame will bring success and happiness. Sadly, this is not true. Money is comparable to the often-mentioned new toy—fun while it is brand new and fresh, but terribly boring and unexciting after a few hours of play. Though money can buy conveniences and comforts, one needs much more than superficial luxuries to live a successful, well-balanced life. Money does make lifeShow MoreRelatedDoes Money Bring Happiness?1338 Words   |  6 PagesDoes Money Bring Happiness? This often quoted phrase is so overused and jaded that even though we know that it is true, we tend to ignore it. We want to believe that there is an easy way out of being unhappy and believe me overcoming your emotions and teaching yourself to be happy can be more difficult that earning some bucks! All of us have at some point in time or another seen extremely rich, wealthy and famous people unhappier than what we would expect them to be, given the amount of materialRead MoreDoes Money Bring You Happiness?967 Words   |  4 Pages Does Money Bring You Happiness? How would be your life if you were a millionaire? I am completely sure; you would live in a deluxe villa in the center of the city. You won’t only be disquieted for your safety needs; but also, be able to meet your luxury needs. You would spend your holidays in best places in the world. If you have lots of money, you would provide the best facilities for your family and try to make a pleasant life for them. Money can solve almost all of our problems and help us forRead MoreEssay on Can Money Buy Happiness?1721 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary  24,  2015   Does  Money  Really  Bring  Happiness?      John  Locke  once  stated  that  all  men  have  the  right  to  life,  liberty,  and  property.  The   author  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  Benjamin  Franklin,  changed  this  statement  to  the   right  to  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness.  People  have  the  constitutional  right  to  be   joyful  and  therefore  strive  for  it,  but  what  is  it  that  really  brings  people  glee?  Many  people   believe  that  the  answer  to  this  question  is  simply  money.  They  think  that  the  more  money  they  Read MoreMoney and Happiness1743 Words   |  7 PagesCan Money Buy Happiness In todays materialistic world, the phrase that ‘money cant buy happiness is tending to be proved hence otherwise. Social research and surveys have shown results based on an individuals income, health and the political scenario which is dominant in his or her region. It is quite obvious that the gap between the privileged and the not so is growing into a great divide giving rise to different class and status, thus defining ones social circle. It should therefore be understoodRead MoreMoney Can Buy Happiness1523 Words   |  7 PagesHappiness is a mental state of well-being characterized by positive emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy†. Notice that happiness is within the range of contentment to intense joy. Every single thing in the world which brings contentment or joy costs money and therefore, it is money which brings happiness. Nothing can be yours without money being spent either by the person experiencing this happiness, or by others spending money so that they can be happy. For example, even peopleRead MoreHappiness Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesHappiness is something that is wanted by almost everyone;people that are rich, and plebeians and some like to assert that they are happy. Everyone has a different way of experiencing happiness or getting happiness. While they try to get happiness even if it will be an ample amount of happiness, they try to avoid being aghast. Some people like clothing or electronics while some like relaxing at vacations where they can be around facetious people and enjoy themselves. Each individual person experiencesRead MoreMoney Can Buy You Happiness936 Words   |  4 PagesMany people say that money cant buy you happiness, well I don’t find that to be true. Having a large amount of money has become a dream in many peoples lives. Although money can buy you thing you wa nt to make you happy, happiness is only bought by the people you surround your self with. Many people are convinced that money can buy a person happiness, however most happiness comes from families and friends. Money can buy you happiness because, money can buy you security, stress free, healthcare, andRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?1324 Words   |  6 PagesCan money buy happiness? It’s a philosophical question that has been discussed for centuries and there is no simple answer. For example, Graham Hill in â€Å"Living with Less. A Lot Less† gives his input on this highly debated topic through a multitude of short anecdotes. She asked herself not if â€Å"Money can buy happiness,† but if money could â€Å"help buy happiness† (Rubin 293). She also brings up the idea of modest splurging and spending out as methods of using money to help one buy happiness. Rubin describesRead More`` Once Upon A Time, Is An Idealized Start Of A Truly Happy Ending1519 Wor ds   |  7 Pagesimage of what happiness truly is, but that’s not reality. Happiness can be expressed in many different ways. It’s anything that will bring positivity and light into to a person’s life, and puts a smile on their face. In the dictionary, happiness is defined as an indication of or is characterized by pleasure, contentment, or joy. Happiness can be expressed in various ways, two being self-discipline and physical activity, but people must remember that money does not buy this happiness. For one, self-disciplineRead MoreRelationship Between Wealth And Happiness1328 Words   |  6 PagesDoes wealth equal happiness? According to the novel Great Expectation by Charles Dickens, the correlation between wealth and happiness is debatable, depending on the person and their lifestyle. For example, Herbet viewed money as a blessing but not something that necessarily brings him happiness; however, for Pip he can never have enough money and it is his idea of happiness. Herbert was born wealthy so in his state of mind it is casual to have exceptional amount of money. When Pip transform to a

Jerusalem City of God, City of Blood - 2323 Words

Jerusalem’s name has been historical linked to two concepts; the â€Å"City of Peace† and the â€Å"City of God.† Although history has proved the â€Å"City of God† to be true, the former has rarely occurred for continuous decades. Jerusalem is constantly a city in dispute, where even the age of the city is an example of this concept. Jews consider Jerusalems history to start 3000 years ago when David established the city as capital of the United Kingdom of Israel. Palestinians, believing they are the descendants of the Canaanites, say the city is 5,000 years old. The great disputes seem unjustified when pictures of Jerusalem are viewed. The city is a desert between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea lying at the intersection of Israel and the†¦show more content†¦Groups like HAMAS who work both to offer aid and education to the Muslim Palestinians and also guns, bombs, and military equipment to the same people have presented a constant endangerment(Lawrence). The weapons of violence have lead to suicide bombings within 200 yards from the Temple over the past decade. Riots between worshippers at The Western Wall and Temple of the Mount are so common place that nearby Makassed Hospital on the Mount of Olives must be open around the clock to accept the injured (Hamad). Muslims living in Jerusalem are peaceful worshippers and citizens as a whole. Many religious leaders in Jerusalem and the United States have come out to denounce violence that is supposedly â€Å"Koran based.† One such example is Taha Jabir Al-Alawani, President of the Fight Council of North America and President of the Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciences. He officially issued this fatwa with the last few months; â€Å"All Muslims ought to be united against all those who terrorize the innocents, and those who permit the killing of non-combatants without a justifiable reason† (A-Alawani). Despite such a clear message, violence is still common place in Jerusalem, with little hope for stability. Judaism and the religion/secular nation of Israel have the strongest commitment of any group involved which stems fromShow MoreRelatedJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1649 Words   |  7 Pagesground.† Whereas Jerusalem is just a common city in an ordinary man s eyes, this viewpoint changes dramatically when it comes to a religious man. For the three monotheistic religions of the West- Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Jerusalem is considered one of the most important and sacred places in the world. The land acquired its sanctity through numerous manifestations of the divine in biblical times. Even though Jerusalem does not have extraordinary physical features of a city in antiquity, itRead MoreEverlasting Covenant: Isaiah 24: 1-51479 Words   |  6 Pages24: 1-5 God does not enter into any relationship without entering into a covenant. A covenant must consist of a relationship between humankind and God; and, it is eternal, which is why it is called an everlasting covenant. The everlasting covenant can only be broken if man fails to maintain an intimate and personal relationship with God or chooses separation from God through sin, as was the case with Israel. Their hearts had strayed and many sins entered their lives. It was not God who divorcedRead MoreReligion, Judaism, And Islam1389 Words   |  6 Pages The city of Jerusalem, located in the country of Israel, is considered to be one of the holiest cities on Earth. 890,428 individuals are currently living in the city (â€Å"Where is Jerusalem†). What makes Jerusalem such a holy land is because of its significance to three religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam (â€Å"History of Jerusalem†). While Jerusalem is considered â€Å"the holy land†, it is also a plac e that has endured countless wars, bloodshed, and controversy. The city has been ruled by infamousRead MoreReading The Old Testament Prophets1045 Words   |  5 Pageswhich is written in poetic verse, informs the reader of Gods judgment and salvation. Isaiah focuses on the salvation that will come through the Messiah. It was the prophet Isaiah’s desire that those who heard and read his words would be convicted and turn away from evil and turn their life over to God for forgiveness and healing. In regards to Isaiah 1:1-19 it is about Israel’s condition and God’s solution to it. The judgment from God had come upon the people of Judah because they had sinnedRead MoreAfter God Made Covenants With Noah And Abraham He Then1732 Words   |  7 PagesAfter God made covenants with Noah and Abraham He then made a tribal covenant with mankind through the Mosaic Law on Mount Sanai. He stated, â€Å"If you will follow my Righteousness, then you will be my people and I will send an angel for your protection and drive out your enemies before you.† The people answered God with oh sure we will adhere to Your commandments of covenant, no problem, but when Moses was barely out of site to receive the commandments they took the gold that God give them and madeRead MoreEthics Of History : The Crusades1661 Words   |  7 Pagespower of God with which he is invested, immediate remission of sins. He encouraged them to go out and raise money to support the war effort in the Spring. The pope did not realize the excitement this would cause. Five armies were assembled consisting not only of noblemen but of the common peasant as well. To the lay person this was a treasure beyond any imagination. They felt if they went on the crusades it would guarantee personal salvation. They believed they were, instruments of God, andRead MoreImpact Of The Crusades On The Beginning Of A New Era1549 Words   |  7 Pages‘Peace and Truce of God’, which limited the use of fighting. It was the church’s first step towards peace, and reformers were making headway into this new era. The Crusades were an event that would change not just political and religion ideas of the society but also the minds of the people who are in these political and religious groups. An eyewitness to the accounts of the crusades is Fulcher of Charters who wrote of his findings in the book â€Å"A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem 1095-1127.† WhereRead MoreA Crucifixion Outside The City Of Jerusalem977 Words   |  4 Pagesa crucifixion outside the city of Jerusalem, discernible by the centrally planned church and rounded red rotunda in the background of the city. Rounded structures that resemble towers align the walls of the city, another definitive element of the biblical city. Although the painting clearly represents an idealized Jerusalem, it emulates a contemporary European town of the Northern Renaissance age, with Gothic architecture and what resembles shops at the front of the city. The painter also depictsRead Mor eThe First Crusade1362 Words   |  6 Pagesawaited the return of Christ and feared the Wrath of God. Religious people wanted to make up for their sins and avoid the horrors of eternal damnation. Clergy members were often consulted to figure out what would be a suitable penance. The Church itself still frequently imposed pilgrimages as a penance (Campbell p.14). A pilgrimage to the Holy Land was not an easy task to say the least. The road to Jerusalem was jagged. On the way to Jerusalem, pilgrims were often murdered by thieves. They wereRead MoreWhat Caused the First Crusade, and was it a Success?1324 Words   |  6 PagesFirst Crusade was cause by conflicts between the Christians and the Muslims for the Holy Land, Jerusalem. Jerusalem was the holy city for all three groups of different faiths; the Christians, the Jews, and the Muslims. For the Christians, Jerusalem was where Jesus was crucified and resurrected. For the Muslim, Jerusalem was the place where Muhammad had ascended to heaven. For the Jews, it was their God s city and it was the sit of Solomon s temple. The main idea of the First Crusade was good against

All Summer in a Day Essay Free Essays

All Summer in a Day Essay In the shorty story, All Summer in a Day, by Ray Bradbury, the author expresses a tone of enthusiasm and excitement. On the planet Venus, the sun only comes out once every seven years, and when it does, it only stays out for about two hours. Margot is a 9 year old girl who was only two years old the last time her eyes met the luminous sunlight. We will write a custom essay sample on All Summer in a Day Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now She has dreamt about this day ever since she made that contact, and today is finally the day that she gets to feel that warm sun beaming down on her again. Because she was so caught up in her own little creative world, dreaming about this day, Margot typically shut the rest of the world out, which included her fellow class mates. Margot’s class mates don’t like her so they pick on her, and bully her every single day, all due to Margot not wanting to play games and sing songs with them unless they have something to do with the sun coming out. As a result of their hatred for her, the students decided to lock Margot in the closet when the teacher decides leave the room for a few minutes to prevent her from seeing the sun come out. All of the children surround the window as they know that something magnificent is about to occur. The typical rainy weather finally comes to a stop and everything becomes absolutely silent. So silent that they can hear each others presence. They can’t even hear Margot ‘s pounding on the walls of the closet doors begging to be released. As the sun at last creeps through the mist of the ugly rain clouds in the sky, the children are filled with joy and playfulness. Just then, the teacher comes back into the room and shouts â€Å"Who wants to play! All of the children race outside to play in the glorious sunlight and let the fire burn their craving bodies. Page 8 describes the terrain and environment of plant Venus at this very moment, â€Å"They stopped running and stood in the great jungle that covered Venus, that grew and never stopped growing, tumultuously, even as you watched it. It was a nest of octopi, clustering up great arms of flesh-like weed, wavering, flowerin g this brief spring. It was the color of rubber and ash, this jungle, from the many years without sun. It was the color of stones and white cheeses and ink, and it was the color of the moon. One girl suddenly screamed out of no where as she opened her palms to a terrifying drop of rain. This marked the childrens’ last thirty seconds of their brief, glorious spring time. When the children finally got shoved back inside in class room by the adrenaline rush of the thunderous lightening from the hideous gray sky, they remembered that Margot was still locked locked in the closet and began to feel bad as they slowly creeped open the doors to let her out. Margot had missed the chance to make her wildest dreams come true. How to cite All Summer in a Day Essay, Essay examples

Social Marketing

Question: What is social Marketing? Explain. Answer: Project Title Social Marketing: Social Networks more Persuasive than Traditional Word-of-mouth. The project discusses the concept of social marketing and its preference over the old-age marketing trends. Research Questions Traditional marketing practices have used a number of modes of communication for the marketing purpose such as television, radio and print media. However, with the increase in the use of Internet, there has been a shift of marketing techniques from the traditional to the social marketing.The research targets the advantages and significance of the social marketing over traditional word-of-mouth. It also makes an attempt to answer the reasons for the immense shift in the marketing techniques over a period of a few years (Shima, 2008). Project Description Marketing is a concept that works towards forming a bridge between companys capabilities and customers expectations such that both the parties are satisfied as an end result. The basic aim behind any of the marketing strategy is to fulfill the needs of the customers with utmost perfection (Wood, 2014). There are a number of marketing strategies that are adapted by the organizations since a long period of time. Over the past few years, social media marketing has emerged as a concept and marketing strategy that has taken over the traditional practices. The project discusses the same and outlines a comparison between the two along with the significance, assessment milestones and team charter. Project Aims The project is a research work that analyzes the concept of social marketing and the preference of social networks over the traditional practices in the domain of marketing. Following are the aims that must be accomplished by the end of the project: To determine and understand the meaning of social media marketing (Cowden, 2014) To list the advantages and reasons of preference among the users for choosing social networks over the traditional word-of-mouth To explain the significance of social media marketing at local, national and international level To discuss the research questions around the project title in detail To list the assessment milestones and team charter for the successful completion of the project Project Background Internet is the basic necessity in the present generation and the application of the same has spread over every single sector in the current era. One such area in this regard is the marketing processes and principles. Social marketing is a concept that makes use of social networks over the internet for the application of marketing techniques and processes with the basic aim of reaching out to maximum number of customers to fulfill their needs and requirements. The project explains the concept along with its reasons of increase in use and practice over the traditional concepts.The concept of social marketing has grown to such level that dedicated social marketing teams are being deployed in the organizations for the development of effective marketing strategies to achieve success of the brand and the product. Project Phases The project will be completed in three phases as: Evaluate and Plan This phase will include the research on the basic details essential for the project such as study of the project background and understanding of the project objectives. It will also include the carry out of situational analysis to understand the specific requirements of the project. The task of budgeting will also be done in this project to determine the expenses required in each of the activities. The outcomes from this phase will include: Evaluation Plan Project Budget Design and Develop After gathering the requirements and gaining an understanding of project background and objectives, design of the marketing strategy along with the development of the strategic marketing mix will be done. Strategic marketing mix will be based upon the 4Ps associated with the project as: Product Price Place PromotionThe outcomes from this phase will include: Marketing Strategy Implementation The final phase will be the implementation phase in which the marketing strategy developed earlier will be applied in practice. It will begin with the creation of an implementation plan and implementation of the marketing strategy as per the plan. The outcomes from this phase will include: Implementation Plan Implementation Report Significance of Social Marketing The significance of social marketing at local, national and international level is huge. It has become relevant and mandatory for the companies to develop social marketing strategies to spread awareness about their products among the customers and gain customer loyalty in return through this very medium. Big giants in the market along with small and medium level industries and the new entries in the business world, all are trending towards social networks for marketing. Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and blogs are used by the companies to reach out to the customers. It is significant at all level of business due to the following reasons: Social marketing helps in developing customer base with ease at any of the geographical location. It makes it easy to reach out to the international customers by promoting their products on the social media. Customers are also involved in the process of decision making by including the feedback received on the social networks. I t helps in gaining the customer engagement and also provides a personal connect. Social marketing also promotes connecting with the peers and gaining an insight in their target audience (Neti, 2011). Social Marketing over Traditional Marketing Techniques There are a number of reasons behind the preference of social marketing over the traditional word-of-mouth practices which are as listed below: Social marketing enables the organizations to have increased traffic and subscribers associated with them. Social marketing allows the companies to build new business partnerships which are rather difficult to achieve through traditional practices. Marketing expenses are lesser in the social marketing approach as compares to the traditional practices. Social marketing does not rely on the geographical location or area which enables more and more customers to be associated with the brand and the product. Ease of availability and accessibility allow the social marketing medium to be preferred by the customers. Customer interaction and involvement with the product and the marketing strategy provides a flavor of personalization in case of social marketing. The same is the reason for increased customer engagement and association through social mar keting and networks. Exposure for the business is increased through the use and practice of social marketing. Team Process Management Team MeetingsThe team meetings that will be conducted during the project timeline will include the following procedure: Circulation of project agenda before the meeting. Code of conduct to be followed by all attendees which includes timely arrival, advanced communication in case of absence, active participation and use of polite tone. Record of minutes of meeting will be kept and circulated to all the team members (www.teamhelper.com, 2016). Decision Making Process The decisions will be taken by the project manager after taking and considering the view points of the entire team. In case of conflict, final decision will be of the Project Manager after the round of voting in which majority decision will be considered. Roles and Responsibilities Project Sponsor: Responsible for funding the project and providing the project requirements Project Manager: Responsible for creating the project plan and other deliverables along with resource allocation Marketing Head: Responsible for developing a social marketing strategy and the evaluation and implementation plan Social Media Expert: Responsible for assisting the Marketing team with the latest trends in the social media world Marketing Resources (2): Responsible for fulfilling the actions as guided by the Marketing Head References Adshead, F. (2016). Social Marketing Works. Retrieved 26 July 2016, from https://www.nsmcentre.org.uk/sites/default/files/Social_marketing_works_NHS.pdfCowden, A. (2014). https://skemman.is/stream/get/1946/18659/43199/1/MIB0614_Thesis_Anna_Cowden_EffectofSocialMediaMarketingonTraditionalMarketingCampaignsinYoungIcelandicCompanies.pdf. Retrieved 26 July 2016, from https://skemman.is/stream/get/1946/18659/43199/1/MIB0614_Thesis_Anna_Cowden_EffectofSocialMediaMarketingonTraditionalMarketingCampaignsinYoungIcelandicCompanies.pdfLefebvre,. (2016). Theories and Models in Social Marketing. Retrieved 26 July 2016, from https://socialmarketing.blogs.com/Publications/Theoretical_Models_in_Social_Marketing.pdfMerrill, T., Latham, K., Santalesa, R., Navetta, D. (2016). Social Media: The Business Benefits May Be Enormous, But Can the Risks -- Reputational, Legal, Operational -- Be Mitigated?. Retrieved 26 July 2016, from https://www.acegroup.com/us-en/assets/ace-progress-report-social-media.pdfN eti, S. (2011). SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS ROLE IN MARKETING. Retrieved 26 July 2016, from https://www.ijecbs.com/July2011/13.pdfShima, A. (2008). Traditional Marketing vs. Internet Marketing A comparison. Retrieved 26 July 2016, from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:121411/FULLTEXT01.pdfWood, M. (2014). Introduction to the Principles of Social Marketing. Retrieved 26 July 2016, from https://wsmconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ESMC-Intro-to-Social-Marketing-Sept-2014.pdfwww.teamhelper.com,. (2016). Team Charter. Retrieved 26 July 2016, from https://www.teamhelper.com/sample/TC_GuideSample.pdf Social Marketing Question: What is the Social Marketing? Answer: Introduction The current assessment is on the analysis of the case study of the social marketing towards the adoption of pets by reviewing the websites which have been promoting for the adoption of pets which is a social marketing approach that has been developing the activities by aiming at the changes in the peoples behavior and maintaining them for the benefits of the people and the society in whole (Armstrong et al., 2014). The products are promoted by describing the unique points of it with the combination of the ideas from the social sciences and the commercial marketing, the social marketing has been proven to be the tool for influencing the behavior in a cost effective and sustainable manner. It gives you the idea of deciding on: Who are the people to work with What is the behavior to influence How to move forward about it What are things used to measure it Description of organizations RSPCA The RSPCA is known to be an organization that is independent and a non government community which is based on the charity of providing the care for animals and their protection services. There are around 40 shelters which are run by the RSPCA and it consists of a staff of around 1000 employees. For delivering all the services to the animals it costs them more than 100 million dollars, which is helping in improving the lives of the animals in the Australia. Most of the money that is gained by this organization is donated by the people and also from the initiatives taken for fundraising (Browne et al., 2014). There are also other sources such as RSPCA patrons, business partnerships and the grants available for this organization. WWF WWF stands for World Wildlife Fund, which was started in the year 1961 on 29th April in the small area called Swiss town of Morges and very soon it has received the approval of the royal seal. The partnership of this organization is very unique in which the government leaders, business and the scientists are involved. It is supported and guided by the HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands and the HRH The Duke of Edinburgh (Bhattacharjee, Berger Menon, 2014). There was an urgent call from the group for the global action which insisted for the stop of a large number of wild animals from being hunted since their existence and the habitats are being destroyed so as to protect them from getting extinct (Crouch Housden, 2012). For the past 50 years, the WWF seems to grow into the independent and the most influential largest organization for conservation of animals in the whole world. The organization is having supporters of around 5 million globally and it has been operating in more than 100 countries (Costa Vila, 2014). In the year 1978 on 29th June the establishment of WWfF has taken place in Australia, during which only three people were there as the working staff from the old factory located in Sydney. The budget for conservation during the first year operation was nearly 80000 dollars. At present this organization is the largest conservation place in the nation which is being supported by more than 500000 supporters and have projects across Australia and the Oceania region (Desbordes, 2012). PS of Marketing The 4 Ps of marketing are the elements which are used by the organization are for the benefits of the wildlife animals and for the adoption of pets for their care and protection includes: Product Price Place or distribution Promotion Product: In terms of marketing the term product can be defined as the thing which can be offered in the market for satisfying the needs or the wants of a customer. The first P out of four marketing Ps in the marketing is the product. The product can either be a touchable good or the intangible one which is fulfilling the needs of a customer. Here the product refers to either the wildlife species or the pets which can be adopted so that they get human care and attention. Whereas the wildlife species can be protected from being extinct by adopting them funds can be provided to them for their better life of conservation (DeConinck Stilwell, 2015). The people can get the product that is according to their expectations that is any breed or any species that they are wanting for can be adopted as the organization is providing a wide range of choices in making the decisions. The people can have the core benefits of care which show as the recognition for sympathy, compassions and the tendern ess for the animals and for them too. The behavioral change an also be benefited by adopting a pet and in turn one can provide support for its living. The augmented product that a customer can have is the desired animal that an animal lover can get from these organizations (Kotler, 2012). Price: The term price in marketing can be defined as the value that can be put on for a product of the service which is resulted from the calculations from all dimensions, extensive research and the understandings and the abilities of risk taking. The strategy of pricing is taken into account by considering the segments such as the ability of the customer to pay, as per the conditions of the market, the actions of competitors, the trade margins and the input costs among all (Kumar et al., 2013). While adopting the pet the organization would verify about the family and would take whether the pets are going to the right place or not. The price for the animals are not fixed, but it says to fund for the organization which is used for protecting their habitat, preservation of food and it will make sure that it will take care of the safety of the species that is going to be endangered bother globally and locally (Kotler et al., 2015). The ongoing pricing can be fixed in any of the means li ke ether donating the things by taking the initiative for raising the funds for the benefits of animals in the organization. Place or distribution: The term place or distribution can be defined in terms of marketing as placing the right product with the right price and at the right place. It is very critical for determining the ideal locations for converting the potential clients into the actual clients. In the current situations, even if the transaction does not occur on the web the initial place where the potential clients are contacted and converted to their customers is through online. However, the organization takes into consideration various things while adopting or donating the animals by checking the family background and decides whether they are placed in the right family or not (Lusch Vargo, 2014). After that the animal can be selected as per the environment of their family and according to their lifestyle which consider incredibly important by them. The process of adoption taken place only if they make sure of a perfect fit of the animal. The adoption journey ends only after training the animal so that it forms a vital part of the family. The product can be obtained by visiting the place and making the choice or it can be processed through the website. (Marta et al., 2013). If the person is an animal lover and provides all the evidences that are required by the organization and if it feels secure then it is a quite simple process. Promotion: The term promotions can be defined in terms of marketing as the product that is used for bringing awareness among the people so that the sale are generated and the market is developed for that product. The information about the product should be relevant and should be unique from other products. The promotion can be carried out by social marketing, public relation, campaigning, advertising and many more (Zaltman, Olson Forr, 2015). The messages that are passed on to the potential customers is that the Australia is the overwhelming nation in loving he animals which finds that there are some people in the community who are treating the animals cruelly. So these organizations are committed to helping these animals by their services. Their main motto is to protect the animals from becoming extinct and to reduce the threats that are posed to them from various factors (Xu et al., 2016). The messages that are being promoted are to bring the awareness among the people, which are the social messages for the welfare of the society to the animals. The community awareness is created in regards to the human treatment towards the animals along with giving information about animal care and their adoption facilities. Conclusion In this report the social marketing of the animal, adoption organizations has been discussed where the firms are mainly focusing on those potential customers who it exactly for their awareness programs that is mainly the animal lovers so that they can get a shelter for their good life conservation. Their main mission is to eradicate cruelty towards animals and create love for them and also let the right people know about the information regarding the adoption facilities. The other group of focused individuals is the one who is dedicated in catering the services for the wildlife conservation. The marketing criteria adopted by these organizations are so perfect that it fits for any kind of market that is targeted. References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Browne, S., Sharkey-Scott, P., Mangematin, V., Lawlor, K. and Cuddihy, L., 2014. Adapting a book to make a film: how strategy is adapted through professional practices of marketing middle managers.Journal of Marketing Management,30(9-10), pp.949-973. Bhattacharjee, A., Berger, J. and Menon, G., 2014. When identity marketing backfires: consumer agency in identity expression.Journal of Consumer Research,41(2), pp.294-309. Crouch, S. and Housden, M., 2012.Marketing research for managers. Routledge. Costa, G. and Vila, M., 2014. Sustainable Marketing: An Exploratory Study of the Perceptions of Marketing Managers in International Spanish Hotels.Journal of Management for Global Sustainability,2(1), pp.73-94. Desbordes, M., 2012.Marketing and football. Routledge. DeConinck, J.B. and Stilwell, C.D., 2015. Turnover Intentions of Marketing Managers. InProceedings of the 1994 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 201-204). Springer International Publishing. Kotler, P., 2012.Kotler on marketing. Simon and Schuster. Kumar, V., Chattaraman, V., Neghina, C., Skiera, B., Aksoy, L., Buoye, A. and Henseler, J., 2013. Data-driven services marketing in a connected world.Journal of Service Management,24(3), pp.330-352. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Marta, J.K., Singhapakdi, A., Lee, D.J., Sirgy, M.J., Koonmee, K. and Virakul, B., 2013. Perceptions about ethics institutionalization and quality of work life: Thai versus American marketing managers.Journal of Business Research,66(3), pp.381-389. Xu, H., Carter, L.L., Taute, H.A. and Dishman, P., 2016. Managers' Perceived Risk, Experiential Knowledge, Marketing Capability and International Performance: A Study of Chinese International Enterprises.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,10(1), p.53. Zaltman, G., Olson, J. and Forr, J., 2015. Toward a New Marketing Science for Hospitality Managers.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,56(4), pp.337-344.

Are government justified in controlling the flow of informat essays

Are government justified in controlling the flow of informat essays What would happen if a government held all information back from their citizens? Would you be willing to trust the government to make the right decisions for you? How would you know that they were going to be a responsible government and heed your wishes as a citizen? The dilemma is that you couldnt know for sure. What if it was an important decision on where your tax dollars were going? How could you trust someone with decisions if they were with holding information from you? In a responsible democratic government information is given to us. But in some cases information is with held about money not because it is a question of national security but because the people behind the decisions are doing it for personal gain. The government is looking out for its own interest and not its citizen. The people elect governments into parliament because they are supposed to look after the peoples best interests. This didnt happened with the Canadian liberal government and the sponsorship scandal. The government with held information about $100 million dollars and where it was being spent. The government gave it to various crown corporations who supported the liberal party. The liberal party still cant account for who spent the money and where it was spent. Now the country is out of $100 million because the government didnt feel obligated to inform their citizens about their expenditures. This is the perfect example of why the government should inform the public of t heir actions. However there are some situations where the government should withhold information for the benefit of the country. Imagine if the people were informed about everything the government was doing or what they planned to do. This society would be quite unstable. During times of war, the government can validate withholding information for national security. If the government had informed the people of their plans for Operation Overlord, D-Da ...

History of the First Crossword Puzzles

History of the First Crossword Puzzles A crossword puzzle is a game of words where the player is given a hint and the number of letters. The player then fills in a grid of boxes by finding the right words. Liverpool journalist, Arthur Wynne invented the first crossword puzzle. Arthur Wynne Arthur Wynne was born on June 22, 1871, in Liverpool, England. He immigrated to the United States at the age of nineteen. He first lived in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and worked for the Pittsburgh Press newspaper. An interesting side-note was that Wynne also played violin in the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra. Later, Arthur Wynne moved to Cedar Grove, New Jersey and started working for a New York City-based newspaper called the New York World. He wrote the first crossword puzzle for the New York World, published on Sunday, December 21, 1913. The editor had asked Wynne to invent a new game for the papers Sunday entertainment section. Word-Cross to Cross-Word to Crossword Arthur Wynnes first crossword puzzle was initially called word-cross and was diamond-shaped. The name later switched to cross-word, and then as a result of an accidental typo the hyphen was dropped and the name became crossword. Wynne based his crossword puzzle on a similar but much older game played in ancient Pompeii that translated from Latin to English was called Magic Squares. In Magic Squares, the player is given a group of words and has to arrange them on a grid so that the words read the same way across and down. A crossword puzzle is very similar, except instead of being given the words the player is given clues. Arthur Wynne added other innovations to the crossword puzzle. While the first puzzle was diamond-shaped, he later invented horizontal and vertical shaped puzzles; and Wynne invented the use of adding blank black squares to a crossword puzzle. The crossword puzzle in a British publication was published in Pearsons Magazine in February 1922. The first New York Times crossword was published on February 1, 1930. First Book of Crossword Puzzles According to the Guinness Book of Records, the first collection of crossword puzzles was published in the USA in 1924. Called The Cross Word Puzzle Book was the first publication by a new partnership formed by Dick Simon and Lincoln Schuster. The book, a compilation of crossword puzzles from the newspaper New York World, was an instant success and helped to establish publishing giant Simon Schuster, who continue to produce crossword books to this day. Crossword Weaver In 1997, Crossword Weaver was patented by Variety Games Inc. Crossword Weaver was the first computer software program that created crossword puzzles.

Economic paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Economic paper - Essay Example Shelly has already indicated that she would not consider any buyer who intends to relocate the L.A. Clippers franchise. In addition, she is keen to get a sale price that would leave the Sterlings with â€Å"enough† money after the hefty tax obligations (Shelbourne). This presents an issue with the evaluation of such a sports franchise. Sports franchises are often valued at significant amounts. For instance, the L.A. Clippers was valued at $575 million in January 2014 (Forbes). The values of basketball, football and hockey teams may seem astonishing as well as ambiguous because it might not be clear how the values of the teams are arrived at. This is because many people do cannot ascertain how a team’s performance, qualities, assets, accomplishments, ticket prices, venue, concession sales and broadcasting revenue contribute to the overall value. There are various approaches that are use in valuation: income approach; market comparison, and asset-based approach. According to Baum, Baum and Nunnington (67), the value of a team would be computed on the present value of the future net cash flows that it will be in existence. This method utilizes a value estimate based on on expected cash flow obtained through the discounted cash flows method. An anlyst makes assumptions on how the various value drivers contribute to expected earnings and work backwards to compute the present value. This is a common method in valuing sports franchises and it utilizes factors such as team performance, ticket sales and stadium attributes. The market comparison approach uses the competition principles in a free market and depends on the hypothesis that the price of one investment applies comparable investments with little mofifications (Munizzo and Musial 126). Analyst looks at the actual data on generated revenues, one can make comparisons between a franchise that is being valued and other franchises that have recently been traded. Some of the important

Describing three examples of activities in health care organizations Assignment

Describing three examples of activities in health care organizations - Assignment Example The immunization activities entail giving children BCG, DPT, polio, and measles immunization (Stahl, 2004). There is also epidemic preparedness and response to epidemics which is crucial to the health care organization employees because they have to start isolation of the people with the epidemic. When there is an epidemic outbreak for example the Ebola outbreak, people-centered management should be applied to give employees chances to suggest on the way forward on whether to isolate the infected people or whether to let them live with the other people. When giving an employee a chance to give a solution, it opens up their minds and makes them think. Supervisors and managers should award employees that show bravery during a difficult time of responding to an outbreak, for example an employee who saves a patient’s life. The reward will be a motivation to the individual and to the other employees who will work hard and be fully dedicated to their work. Fully participation of the employees can also earn their organization world awards. Communication between the supervisors and the employees is important for the growth of a health care organization. Where there is communication, people understand each other’s needs. When an employee’s opinion is taken into consideration, such an employee is motivated to keep on being committed to their work because they feel appreciated and respected. Moreover, meetings help employees to pass their complains and the supervisors and managers’ compliment and critic on the employees work (Carroll, 2001). The managers and supervisors encourage the employees on teamwork. In epidemic preparedness, the employees in different departments should be able to know where their teammates are, to make the daily routine surveillance for the epidemic easier. Furthermore, this aids the teammates to avoid losing a colleague to the outbreak without the knowledge of

Transnational corporations in developing world

Transnational corporations in developing world Introduction Transnational corporations have spread their operations around the entire world and are frequently violating the most basic human rights. This paper will discuss the negative impact of transnational corporations (hereinafter: TNCs) on the natural environment in host countries. It will focus on corporations operating in developing countries. Environmental degradation is closely interlinked to health, but due to restrictions, the paper will only focus on the environmental aspect. As a result of the global impact of TNCs operations and the negative effect on the environment they may cause, environmental protection is a very relevant topic. It is very concerning that there are only a few international legal documents which lay down TNCs responsibilities regarding this matter. Due to the voluntary nature of those, TNCs can very often operate in their own way, without any regard to the environment and what is more, in many cases the host states are reluctant to take any measures to prevent pollution done by TNCs. The working hypothesis of this paper is as follows: TNCs and host countries have certain responsibilities regarding environmental protection. However, they are reluctant to take measures to prevent environmental pollution, the former because they are driven by profit and the latter because of a lack of will or means. Developing countries where TNCs operate frequently lack sufficient funds for environmental management or are unwilling to put pressure on TNCs because they do not want to lose TNCs investment. The paper will be divided into three sections. In the first one, the recognition of the right to a healthy environment will be examined. This section will include some global and regional documents which recognize that right and it will briefly present how the right to environment is recognized at the national level of states. The second part will contain an overview of TNCs impact on the environment and research their legal and moral obligations with regard to environmental protection. In the third part, responsibility of states to protect peoples right to the environment from being violated by TNCs will be examined. Throughout the paper, cases of environmental pollution by TNCs will be presented. Good practices will be mentioned as well. The paper will among others, look into the following documents: UDHR, ICESCR, Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, UN Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises with regard to Human Rights. Furthermore, constitutions of some countries regarding the environment will be mentioned. As examples of certain claims, cases will be presented and statistical data used to support some statements. The Right to a Healthy Environment Consequences of environmental degradation have increasingly started to attract international attention in the second part of the 20th century. Many attempts to develop regulations for environmental protection were made, but at first, environmental protection was not directly linked to human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights for example recognizes the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family[1] which emphasizes more the social care. The Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, adopted in 1972 in Stockholm (hereinafter: Stockholm Declaration) made a significant step towards environmental protection by stating: Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being, and he bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations.[2] Fr om this formulation it can be understood that environmental protection is a precondition to the enjoyment of human rights. In other words, human rights are seen as a goal and environmental protection as means to achieve it. The Stockholm Declaration influenced the development of a number of documents and organizations concerned with the environmental protection. Important to mention is the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development which proclaims the right of human beings to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature[3] and states further that the environmental requirement of future generations is a basic human right: The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations.[4] There exist a number of international and regional documents, principles and norms relating to the concept of the environment[5]. However, no global human rights treaty which includes the right to environment has been adopted so far. There are several regional documents which explicitly recognize the human right to a healthy environment, for instance African Charter of Human and Peoples Rights[6] and American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights[7]. It is worth mentioning that the European Convention on Human Rights does not include the right to a healthy environment but this might change in October 2009 the Parliamentary Assembly issued a recommendation that this right be included in an additional protocol to the convention. On the national level, the right to a healthy environment is today codified in numerous constitutions[8] and national laws. The formulations of the right vary but in general they include the principle that the human right to a healthy/clean/secure/safe environment provides each individual a right to an environment that enables him/her well-being and development.[9] Environmental degradation is closely linked to some other human rights. Pollution of resources such as water, air or soil is violating the right to health and can have an impact on the right to life. Forced evictions caused by consequences of corporations projects for example are connected to the violation of the right to the property, just to name a few. As stated above, this paper will only focus on the environmental aspect. Transnational Corporations The impact of TNCs on the environment In the past century, transnational corporations have expanded their activities throughout the entire world. They operate in many sectors such as extractive industries, footwear and textile production, manufacturing, electronics, construction etc. Most TNCs are registered in developed countries[10] but usually move their operations to developing countries. They are attracted by less stringent environmental regulations and bigger tolerance to the pollution they cause, which is closely connected to tolerance to other human rights violations arising from the environmental degradation.[11] Corporations are capable of contributing to better local living conditions by increasing the standard of living and some surely do. They stimulate development by for example providing jobs, training or modern technical equipment. There are cases where corporations operating in a host country which has lower environmental standards compared to those in their home country, operate under stricter standards. This, however, is not a universal practice. TNCs often move their operations to developing countries precisely because they can get away with the bad conduct prohibited elsewhere. In developing countries corporations frequently use potentially dangerous technologies and outdated machinery which are highly pollutant. In 1985 for instance the Westinghouse Electric Corporation from U.S. sold a nuclear reactor to Philippines which did not meet U.S. safety standards.[12] What is more, examples can be found of TNCs which do not meet neither the standards of the home nor the host country. Such was the outdated equipment in the pesticide plant in Bhopal which was the reason for the worst industrial accident in history. Mining and oil industries are contributing to large-scale environmental pollution. Those, along with other industries cause soil degradation, deforestation, pollution of the atmosphere, contaminate water supplies and have a heavy impact on biodiversity as well. Such degradation is long-term and heavily impacts health. Among other diseases it causes respiratory and lung problems, skin rashes, allergies, tumors and can even result in death. Environmental damage is often irreversible or it takes long time for the nature to renew. As it has been recognized in the Rio Declaration, it has an impact on future generations as well. Legal obligations of TNCs The international system for protection of human rights is a state-based system. That means that states are primary duty-holders of human rights obligations but they are not exclusive duty-holders. A question arises if TNCs have any obligations[13] to comply with these laws. The International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights[14] for example refers to any State, group or person[15] as having duties so from this statement it can be deducted that TNCs have duties as well and should therefore refrain from violating human rights through their activities. The problem arises with the accountability. Under current international law namely, states are the ones which are required to impose standards that TNCs must adhere to and states are the ones which will be held liable for human rights violations by corporations.[16] In the 1970s several codes of conduct concerning the duties of TNCs have been developed, such as OECD-Declaration on International Investments and Multinational Enterprises (1976), which includes Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. In regard to environmental protection, the guidelines state that enterprises should take due account of the need to protect the environment and avoid creating environmentally related health problems. They should furthermore provide timely information regarding the potential impacts on the environment and health, take measures to minimize the risk of accidents and damage to health and environment and cooperate in mitigating adverse effects of their operations.[17] The guidelines can be used as recommendation to TNCs but they are not legally binding. Today there are 42 countries which have signed the document.[18] A more recent voluntary standard developed for promotion of human rights by corporations is the United Nations Global Compact, an initiative for businesses that are committed to aligning their operations and strategies with ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption.[19] The abovementioned initiatives are both voluntary and it is true that they are a step into the right direction but due to the fact that they are voluntary and not legally binding they have proven not to be effective, which can be seen in cases mentioned throughout the paper. In 2003 a significant document was adopted: the UN Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises with regard to Human Rights (hereinafter: the Norms). The Norms are the first international legal instrument to recognize the obligations of TNCs regarding the protection of human rights. With regard to the environmental protection, it is clearly stated that TNCs shall carry out their activities in accordance with national laws, regulations, administrative practices and policies relating to the preservation of the environment of the countries in which they operate.[20] The commentary of that clause states that corporations shall respect the right to a clean and healthy environment in the light of the relationship between the environment and human rights.[21] The Norms impose obligations on TNCs to assess the impact of their activities and deliver reports to competent bodies.[22] TNCs are furthermore to adopt internal rules of operation which ar e in compliance with the Norms[23] and respect and protect human rights within their spheres of their activity. Nevertheless, as it is stated in the text, the primary responsibility still lies within the states.[24] As can be seen from the way the Norms are formed, they are not purely voluntary. They namely foresee a monitoring and reporting mechanism to determine if TNCs comply with the obligations they have under the Norms. What is more, according to the text TNCs shall provide adequate reparation to communities which have been affected by TNCs failures to comply with the Norms.[25] In April 2004 though, the Commission on Human Rights affirmed that Norms have no legal standing and that Sub-Commission should not perform any monitoring.[26] That means that Norms are only a consultative document. The same as the abovementioned regulations, the Norms are of voluntary nature and therefore its provisions cannot be enforced upon TNCs. It can be concluded that just as any other voluntary document, they will only be observed by a few corporations and these tend to be the ones which are already operating in a positive manner. The international community has so far been unable to reach an agreement on a legally binding document recognizing the right to environment which is strictly directed at TNCs. That, however, does not mean that there are no environmental standards TNCs must adhere to while conducting their practices. TNCs must respect national laws of host countries regarding those standards. Moral obligations of TNCs There is an increasingly strong view that TNCs have ethical or moral duties to respect fundamental human rights in the countries in which they do business. The NGO sector expects TNCs to engage more in their environmental responsibility and that they act to ensure that their impact is positive, not negative.[27] If companies are observed from the perspective that they are created to make profit and that profit maximization is the only force that drives them, then it is contradictory for them to have any additional expenses which are not strictly necessary. Milton Friedman in his article on social responsibility of businesses argues that the responsibility is to conduct business in accordance with their desires, which generally will be to make as much money possible.[28] He points out that a company engages in certain activities which are good for the community just for its own purposes and profit.[29] Can it be deduced that ethical conduct is only in the economic interest of a corporation? From that perspective it would mean that TNCs invest money into something that is not strictly necessary for business, but they do it only because they believe they will have some economic benefits from the investment. And if ethical conduct would not be beneficial, would TNCs still consider it? Not all corporations can be blamed for polluting the environment. Many are operating in positive manners but as already mentioned above, due to the restrictions, this paper is only focusing on those which have a negative impact on the environment. From the latter group, there is a number of TNCs which have improved their policies. The question that arises in this respect is if they do that because they realized that due to new practices they would have a greater economic benefit. Is the change genuine or are the efforts being made just for the sake of gaining competitive advantage? In times of globalization, companies cannot escape the scrutiny of media for their misconduct even if it is taking place at the other side of the world. There are many campaigns calling for consumers attention to irresponsible operations of TNCs which give them bad publicity that may consequently reduce the sales.[30] Organizations like Corporate Watch, Global Exchange or CorpWatch are constantly exposing TNCs for the environmental damage they cause. TNCs do not want consumers to think of their brand as a bad brand because of their negative practices and may change their conduct for that reason. The importance of public scrutiny is growing. What is more, this might be the main tool for forcing TNCs to become more responsible towards the environment since they may want to avoid negative publicity which can affect their sales. On the other hand, what they might do is to advertise their good practices when in fact they continue to work in environmentally destructive practices. Unilever for example portrays itself as a business which exercises the same concern for the environment wherever it operates and whose policy is to ensure safety of its operations for the environment.[31] Greenpeace on the other hand has accused Unilever of double standards because the company had allowed its Indian subsidiary to dump several tones of highly toxic mercury waste in a surrounding protected nature reserve.[32] Another case worth mentioning is Royal-Dutch Shell which now portrays itself as a good corporate citizen by announcing it operates in environmentally and socially responsible ways.[33] According to Corporate Watch however, the corporation continues, behind the greenwash, with many of its old ways.[34] States As already mentioned above, states are primary duty-bearers of human rights and have obligations to respect, protect and fulfill the human rights of their citizens in accordance with their national laws and with international documents they are parties to. States are the ones who establish treaties, they are the ones who sign them and must play the central regulatory role over activities within their territory.[35] With regard to the subject of this paper that means that states should have an overview of TNCs operations on their territory and make sure that corporations respect national environmental regulations. The implementation of environmental laws largely depends on each countrys efforts to enforce them. Frequently when dealing with TNCs, host countries on one hand lack the capacity or on the other hand, the political will to enforce the laws and consequently fail to respond to threats of TNCs to the environment. As mentioned above, many TNCs operate in Third World countries and these often do not have sufficient means for environmental management. There might be a lack of funding and lack of mechanisms needed to monitor compliance with laws. Therefore states are frequently unable to pressurize TNCs into adhering to their environmental laws. Operations of the U.S. corporation Newmont Mining and Peruvian firm Buenaventura in Yanacocha in Peru can be given as an example. Mining activities have resulted in depletion and pollution of water supplies, which led the local community to organize numerous protests. In 2006, with the change of government, an agreement between the TNC, communitys representatives and the government was concluded. The three parties agreed that the TNC would build a water purification plant and carry out studies of the local water supply. Upon that, a local NGO insisted that the government must act to stop the environmental pollution and got a response of the Minister of Energy who claimed that government would take steps to ensure that the rights are respected, but he pointed to the lack of funds for setting up an autonomous oversight body.[36] Some truth definitely lies behind the fact that developing countries are restricted in their funds and thus may not be able to perform certain activities. Stil l it has to be taken into account that the country profits from TNC activities as well so the lack of capacities can in many cases be connected to the lack of will. The second aspect of non-enforcement of environmental laws is, as mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, that states might be unwilling to put pressure on TNCs. One of the reasons is because of the fear that corporations might transfer their investments to other countries. Less stringent environmental laws or failure of states to enforce the laws might be more attractive to TNCs. States namely have economic benefits from TNCs investments and some put priority on those over environmental issues and consequently over their citizens rights. It is not rare that countries give out concessions to TNCs even though they are aware of the environmental pollution the TNCs cause. What is more, governments frequently even actively help TNCs, sometimes with use of violence against their own citizens. This has been the case in the example that follows. Freeport Indonesia has been operating a gold and copper mine in West Papua since 1970s and polluting irresponsibly almost without any liability. At the time when Freeport started its mining operation this was the cornerstone of the countrys economy. In order to lead the country towards economic stability, the government had given the corporation generous concessions. In exchange, the company provided employment, infrastructure and technology. The mining company, operating in the way it chose, with little regard for environmental consequences, and the government have therefore both benefited from the activities. While operating, Freeport has been disposing hazardous waste into the nea rby rivers, polluting the water and the surrounding environment which has caused severe health problems of the local population. When opposition to the TNC started gaining power, Freeport relied on the state military for security. It was claimed that Freeport financed Indonesian military to violently repress protests against its environmental crimes.[37] This case is very complex and it is evident that Freeport is involved in the political issues as well. Both parties profit from the situation to the detriment of the environment and local communities. The government with its power is able to repress any opposition and it seems that it has no intention to stop the environmental degradation because the profits it has from Freeports operations are too significant. The environmental harm caused does not seem to be of much importance and the same holds true for the health of the population. As can be seen from the cases mentioned throughout the paper, implementation of laws on the sate level in many cases proves to be insufficient. Some governments take the exact opposite role to what they are supposed to be doing instead of preventing TNCs environmental pollution and protecting their citizens they take an active role and support TNCs misconducts. Laws are too often not enforced and TNCs can continue exploiting the resources and polluting the environment without any limitations. Conclusion In the past few decades the initiative to recognize the right to a healthy environment has become stronger. The progress can be seen from the increasing number of documents recognizing the importance of environmental protection. At the regional level, there are a few treaties recognizing the right to a healthy environment, however no global treaty exists yet which recognizes this right. The international law is in this perspective lagging behind some national laws many states have namely recognized the right to a healthy environment in their constitutions. Activities of transnational corporations around the world have become unavoidable. TNCs are mostly registered in developed countries and often operate with harmful business practices in the Third World. There is no global binding treaty directed at TNCs regarding their conduct towards the environment and this proves to be a weakness of current international law. TNCs can therefore often get away with the pollution they cause. Many voluntary regulations exist but these cannot be legally enforced. They can only be seen as guidelines which TNCs are not obliged to follow. Only corporations that want to adhere to them will do so and it can be expected that those will probably be the ones which already operate in ethical ways. Voluntary guidelines will therefore not impact corporations which are responsible for the worst abuses. The importance of media in this regard is growing. Criticism of TNCs behavior might be the main weapon against their misconduct since they may want to avoid negati ve publicity which can affect their sales. It remains the fundamental role of each government to enforce environmental laws. It is up to each state to ensure that TNCs operating under its jurisdiction do not operate in an environmentally harmful manner. In the case of developing countries these often lack sufficient funds for environmental regulation or mechanisms to monitor TNCs performance. At the same time, they are often reluctant to act because of the fear of losing TNCs investment. Countries frequently place priority on economic benefits over environmental protection and it is not rare that they even help TNCs in their environmental exploitation by violently repressing resistance of their citizens. It can therefore be concluded that national governments of developing countries can in many cases not be relied upon to play their role in environmental protection. Bibliography Primary Sources Secondary Sources African Charter of Human and Peoples Rights American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Buttefield, Fox: Philippines Expected to File Suit Against Westinghouse New York Times, 1 Dec., 1988. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/01/business/philippines-expected-to-file-suit-against-westinghouse.html?pagewanted=1 (accessed 5 Dec. 2009). Business and Human Rights Resource Center. Freeport Indonesia. 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Business Week, 15 August 2005. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_33/b3947115_mz017.htm (accessed 10 Dec. 2009). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (New York, 16 Dec. 1966) 993 U.N.T.S. 3, entered into force 3 Jan. 1976. International Law Programme Discussion Group. Norms on the Human Rights Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations: where next? 17 June 2004. http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/files/3244_ilp170604.pdf (accessed 10 Dec. 2009). Jà ¤gers, Nicola The Legal Status of the Multinational Corporation Under International Law. In Linking Human Rights and the Environment, ed. Romina Picolotti and Jorge Daniel Taillant, 31-56. Tuscon, The University of Arizona Press, 2003. Kiss, Alexandre The Right to the Conservation of the Environment. In Linking Human Rights and the Environment, ed. Romina Picolotti and Jorge Daniel Taillant, 31-56. Tuscon, The University of Arizona Press, 2003. Maggio, Greg and Owen J. Lynch Human Rights, Environment, and Economic Development. Existing and Emerging Standards in International Law and Global Society. CIEL Home Page, 15 Nov. 1997. http://www.ciel.org/Publications/olpaper3.html (accessed 11 Dec. 2009). Marsden, Chris In Defence of Corporate Responsibility. URL (accessed 8 Dec. 2009). OECD-Declaration on International Investments and Multinational Enterprises (21 June 1976) OECD Press Release A (76), 20. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/36/1922428.pdf (accessed 9 Dec. 2009). OReilly, Paddy and Sophia Tickell TNCs and Social Issues in the Developing World. In Human Rights Standards and the Responsibility of Transnational Corporations, ed. Michael K. Addo, 273-287. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (14 June 1992) UN Doc. A/Conf.151/5/Rev.1, reprinted in 31 ILM 874 (1992). http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=78ArticleID=1163 (accessed 9 Dec. 2009). 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Crucible: Salem Witch Trials and Elizabeth

The Crucible: Elizabeth Proctor â€Å"Let them that never lied die now to keep their souls† (1353). This quote, spoken by John Proctor, in the Crucible represents what the Salem Witch Trials were about. The Crucible, written by Aurthur Miller, was a playwright based in the 1600’s of the Salem Witch Trials in Province, Massachusetts. The Salem Witch Trials were during the time of McCarthyism; McCarthyism suggested people were guilty without hard proof. Elizabeth Proctor was a character in the Crucible that stood by her husband John, even through the lies, miscommunications, and even his death. Elizabeth was a typical housewife, and honest women who had many mixed emotions about her marriage. Elizabeth Proctor was a Puritan housewife that tended to her husband and children. She never showed anyone of her emotions. Elizabeth was all was content and kept to herself. She also tried to please John every chance she could. â€Å"I took great care† (1292). This quote taken from the Crucible was Elizabeth making her husband stew after a long day. She wanted the stew to be up to standards so that John would be happy with her. In Act II Elizabeth had been accused of sending her spirit out. â€Å"I will fear nothing. Tell the children I had gone to visit someone sick† (1307). The line represented here was spoken by Elizabeth after Herrick and Cheever had taken her away to the court to be questioned. Being a good housewife and mother she feels the need to keep her children happy and not worried. She tells John not to worry because she knows she is innocent and she â€Å"will fear nothing† (1307). Elizabeth Proctor was John Proctors wife and their children’s mother who looked after everyone else before herself making her a typical housewife. Honesty was a key trait to Elizabeth Proctors personality. Elizabeth had a good heart and never told a lie. When she and John were discussing Abigail and the girls, they knew they were lying about seeing the devil and being with the devil. Elizabeth Proctor says to John â€Å"I think you must go to Salem, John; I think so. You must tell them it is a fraud† (1293). Knowing that the girls are frauds could potentially jeopardize anyone in the community if they didn’t tell anyone. She is an honest person who does not want to keep anything hidden. â€Å"I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you. I never thought you but a good man, John only somewhat bewildered† (1295). Elizabeth was honest toward the man she loved. She knew that he was a good man inside and that no matter what would happen to him that she couldn’t be the one to judge his wrong doings. Elizabeth was an honest individual with good morals. `Last, Elizabeth had many mixed emotions about her marriage. Elizabeth and John Proctor were in a silent war so to say. John had had an affair with Abigail and to get back at John, Abigail had said Elizabeth Proctor had been with the devil. Elizabeth was furious when she found out about Johns affair. Elizabeth screams, â€Å"Then go and tell her she’s a whore. Whatever promise she may sense-break it. John, break it† (1299). Elizabeth had told John to tell Abigail this. Elizabeth was hurt and felt betrayed by John, and by telling this to Abigail I think it would have brought Elizabeth a sense of pride. Elizabeth felt guilty about never showing her emotions to John. In this quote, â€Å"John, I counted myself so plain, so poorly made, no honest love could come to me, Suspicion kissed you when I did; I never knew how I should say my love. It were a cold house I kept! † (1295), she expresses that love could never find its way to her. When she finally found John she was happy but never showed how happy she was with him. John was going to be killed in the end and he knew it. Judge Danforth wanted John to sign over his name that he himself was a witch. John Proctor refused and said that he would not sign away his name for something that wasn’t true. When John was taken away to be hanged, Elizabeth cried and was so sad. They, as a couple, finally had a chance to talk about their love for each other. â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him† (1358). Elizabeth Proctor spoke about her husband in this quote. He finally did something honorable and lived up to the person she knew he was and she didn’t want to take that away from him. John and Elizabeth Proctor had a confusing marriage, but in the end they figured each other out. Elizabeth Proctor was a women in the Crucible that was honorable and trustworthy. She made sure her husband died with respect and that she, herself, was also respected. She was a good mother to her children, a good housewife to her family, and learned to be a loving women to her husband John. Elizabeth Proctor may have had mixed emotions about her marriage, but she was honest and a housewife that would do anything to make her family happy and her husband proud.

Norm Violation Essay

After doing the three norm violations for my midterm project in Social Psychology, I was really relieved. The entire nervous breaking act as whatever that will draw people’s attention to me made me partly pity myself. I pity myself for making me look like a fool, but nevertheless, it gave me a sense of joy thinking that I really did it not just for the sake of completion and to get good grades, but I did it because of curiosity and for the satisfaction of my inner craving for new adventure. And by doing the three norm violations, I came to conclude that we are all unconsciously controlled by the norms our society sets and that sank into the very depths of our minds making us live like robots. People nowadays are like robots, doing their day-to-day activities in a pattern that conforms to the usual norm in their society. No more thrills and excitement, no more craving for adventure, no more childish acts, and that’s all because we all wanted to fit in and do things aligned to what is tagged as â€Å"normal.† So this project is really a breath of fresh air to me. This has been an eye opener, a bell that wakes every vein in my body, like electricity that flows to my brain that shocks every synaptic activity. Now I’m conscious, conscious enough to make my life more worth living by not conforming to the pattern of norms embroided to every corner of humanity. I apologize for my exaggeration, but I am just inspired. And I like to exaggerate when I’m inspired. Anyways, the bottom line here is that I’m glad I made this project for it made me realize what’s keeping people in coming out of their shell, and that is the idea that if they do something that is not normal even if that’s what they’ve always wanted to do, they’ll be labelled as â€Å"weird.† Based on experience, it’s really self degrading when people look at you with such scornful eyes because of projecting something that does not fit their tastes. So I can’t blame those whose faces are as thick as my psychology book because they have become numb of all the critics and judgments that pass through their tympanic membrane like a steel being dragged out of force in a glass road. I don’t know which part of my four lobed brain all these words are coming from, but I guess I have made my point and I hope it’s clear.

Universal Solvent Definition

Technically, a solvent is a component of a solution present in the greater amount. In contrast, solutes are present in a smaller amount. In the common usage, a solvent is a liquid that dissolves chemicals, such as solids, gases, and other liquids. Key Takeaways: Universal Solvent A universal solvent theoretically dissolves any other chemical.A true universal solvent does not exist.Water is often called the universal solvent because it dissolves more chemicals than any other solvent. However, water only dissolves other polar molecules. It does not dissolve nonpolar molecules, including organic compounds such as fats and oils. Universal Solvent Definition A universal solvent is a substance that dissolves most chemicals. Water is called the universal solvent because it dissolves more substances than any other solvent. However, no solvent, including water, dissolves every chemical. Typically, like dissolves like. This mean polar solvents dissolve polar molecules, such as salts. Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar molecules such as fats and other organic compounds. Why Water Is Called the Universal Solvent Water dissolves more chemicals than any other solvent because its polar nature gives each molecule a hydophobic (water-fearing) and hydrophilic (water-loving) side. The side of the molecules with two hydrogen atoms has a slight positive electrical charge, while the oxygen atom carries a slight negative charge. The polarization lets water attract many different types of molecules. The strong attraction to ionic molecules, such as sodium chloride or salt, allows water to separate the compound into its ions. Other molecules, such as sucrose or sugar, arent torn into ions, but disperse evenly in water. Alkahest as the Universal Solvent Alkahest (sometimes spelled alcahest) is a hypothetical true universal solvent, capable of dissolving any other substance. Alchemists sought the fabled solvent, as it could dissolve gold and have useful medicinal applications. The word alkahest is believed to have been coined by Paracelsus, who based on the Arabic word alkali. Paracelsus equated alkahest with the philosophers stone. His recipe for alkahest included caustic lime, alcohol, and carbonate of potash (potassium carbonate). Paracelsus recipe could not dissolve everything. After Paracelsus, alchemist Franciscus van Helmont described the liquor alkahest, which was a sort of dissolving water that could break any material into its most basic matter. Van Helmont also wrote of sal alkali, which was a caustic potash solution in alcohol, capable of dissolving many substances. He described mixing sal alkali with olive oil to produce sweet oil, likely glycerol. While alkahest is not a universal solvent, it still finds use in the chemistry lab. Scientists use Paracelsus recipe, mixing potassium hydroxide with ethanol to clean lab glassware. The glassware is then rinsed with distilled water to leave it sparkling clean. Other Important Solvents Solvents fall into three broad categories. There are polar solvents, such as water; nonpolar solvents like acetone; and then there is mercury, a special solvent that forms an amalgam. Water is by far the most important polar solvent. There are several nonpolar organic solvents. For example, tetrachloroethylene for dry cleaning; acetors, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate for glue and nail polish; ethanol for perfume; terpenes in detergents; ether and hexane for spot remover; and a host of other solvents specific for their purpose. While pure compounds may be used as solvents, industrial solvents tend to consist of combinations of chemicals. These solvents are given alphanumeroc names. For example, Solvent 645 consists of 50% toluene, 18% butyl acetate, 12% ethyl acetate, 10% butanol, and 10% ethanol. Solvent P-14 consists of 85% xylene with 15% acetone. Solvent RFG is made with 75% ethanol and 25% butanol. Mixed solvents can affect miscibility of solutes and may improve solubility. Why There Is No Universal Solvent Alkahest, had it existed, would have posed practical problems. A substance that dissolves all others cannot be stored because the container would be dissolved. Some alchemists, including Philalethes, got around this argument by claiming alkahest would only dissolve material down to its elements. Of course, by this definition, alkahest would be unable to dissolve gold. Sources Gutmann, V. (1976). Solvent effects on the reactivities of organometallic compounds. Coord. Chem. Rev. 18 (2): 225. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(00)82045-7.Leinhard, John. No.1569 Alkahest. University of Houston.Philalethes, Eirenaeus. The Secret of the Immortal Liquor Called Alkahest or Ignis-AquaTinoco, Ignacio; Sauer, Kenneth and Wang, James C. (2002) Physical Chemistry. Prentice Hall p. 134 ISBN 0-13-026607-8.